To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS

To successfully complete this assignment, follow the instructions below: ATTACHED ARE THE WORKSHEETS
Immune System: Class I and Class II MHC Proteins 1. The _______ proteins are one major class of self-antigens. Thus, before an organ transplant, the donor’s and the recipient’s ________ proteins are matched as closely as possible. 2. ______________ cells circulate through the body searching for infected or cancerous cells by examining the antigenic determinant on ______________ MHC proteins on the cell surface. Fragments of ______________, degraded proteins are loaded onto these proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. If the antigenic peptide is a/an ______________ antigen, the body cell will be destroyed. 3. Unlike class I MHC proteins, which can be displayed on any nucleated cell, class II MHC proteins are displayed only on select cells. Name the antigen-presenting cells that have class II MHC proteins: a. _________________________ b. _________________________ c. _________________________ These cells communicate with CD4 cells, which will become ______________ cells. Antigens presented on class II cells are ______________ antigens. 4. Class II MHCs are produced in the _________________________ and pick up the exogenous antigens when they fuse with the ______________. 5. Name two results of presenting the exogenous antigen on class II MHC proteins: 1. CD4 cells are converted to helper T cells when ______________ cells and ______________ present the antigen. 2. ______________ cells and ______________ present antigens to helper T cells to request further activation.
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Immune System: Overview of Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses 1. Name the three main lines of defense and give an example of each: Line of Defense Example 2. When the surface barriers (innate external defenses) are penetrated, what is the next line of defense? _________________________ 3. This defense mechanism (named in question 6) identifies enemies by recognizing ______________ unique to the pathogens. When they are overwhelmed, they secrete _________________________ to mobilize the adaptive defenses. 4. B and T lymphocytes recognize pathogens by binding to them. What the lymphocyte recognizes is called the ______________ found on the antigen. 5. Specific B cells called ______________ cells secrete ______________, which bind to the antigens. Humoral Versus Cellular Immunity 6. ____________ immunity is directed against pathogens in the extracellular fluid. This immunity involves ____ lymphocytes. 7. ______________ immunity is directed against pathogens within the cells. This immunity involves ____ lymphocytes. 8. Which type of immunity involves antibodies? ______________ 9. Name three circumstances in which T cells would be activated against body cells: 1. _________________________ 2. _________________________ _________________________
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Cardiovascular System: Factors Affecting Blood Pressure Worksheet The total amount of friction between the blood and the vessel wall, which makes it more difficult for the blood to flow, is called ______________. The thickness or stickiness of blood, which affects its ability to flow, is called __________. What factor affecting blood pressure is altered by excessive salt intake? How is blood pressure affected by excessive sweating? What effect would increased concentration of vasoconstrictor substances in the blood have on total peripheral resistance? Which single factor determining blood pressure is altered by heart activity? How would an increase in total peripheral resistance affect blood pressure? Total peripheral resistance is determined by blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel diameter. Which one of these factors has the greatest effect on total peripheral resistance? How does an increase in the total vessel length cause an increase in blood pressure? An increase in arterial vessel diameter would have what effect on blood pressure?
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Lymphatic System: Lymphatic Organs 1. Primary lymphoid organs, where B and T cells originate and mature, are the bone marrow and thymus. Fill in the following: Both B and T cells originate from ______________. The B cells mature in the ______________. The T cells mature in the ______________. (Hint: This is how they came to be called B and T cells.) 2. Secondary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes become activated, include the following structures: a. _________________________ b. _________________________ c. _________________________ d. _________________________ e. _________________________ 3. The lymph is filtered through the _______ _______, where antigens and pathogens are removed and the immune system can be activated. 4. Name two functions of the lymph nodes: 1. _________________________ 2. _________________________ 5. While ______________ lymphatic vessels carry lymph from the tissues to the lymph nodes, ______________ vessels carry cleansed lymph away from the lymph nodes. 6. ____ cells are found in the germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles, and ____ cells wander through the deep ______________, searching dendritic cells for their special antigen. 7. The ______________ cleanses the blood like the lymph nodes cleanse the lymph. 8. Functions of the spleen include: Removes Stores Site for activation of the 9. Collections of secondary lymphoid tissue (called ______________ for short) are distributed throughout the mucosal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, and genitourinary system. Aside from the diffuse cells in respiratory and other mucosa, this includes the following specific structures: a. _________________________ (protection of oral and nasal cavities) b. _________________________ (first part of the large intestine) c. _________________________ (distal portion of the small intestine) 10. The ______________, a primary lymphoid organ, is the site for differentiation of lymphocytes into mature T cells. What happens to this organ as we age? ____________________________________________________________________________