Hi, This assignment is about critical thinking – philosophy. I have attached the file.

Hi, This assignment is about critical thinking – philosophy. I have attached the file.
Logic Assignment Please answer all the questions in all three sections. Questions are not worth specific marks. Your grade on the assignment will be based on how well your answers display understanding of the course material. A. Short Answer: Answer these questions in no more than one paragraph. Suppose you call someone and their voicemail says “I am not here right now”. Was this sentence true when they recorded it? Is it true when you hear it? Explain your answer using the distinction between sentence tokens and propositions. Suppose you have a valid argument and you decide to suspend judgment about its conclusion. What should your attitude be toward its premises? Explain your answer. If an argument is valid, and we know that it has exactly one false premise, what (if anything) do we know about its conclusion? Explain your answer. B. Validity: Determine whether the following arguments are formally valid. If they are not, present an argument that follows the same pattern, but has (i) all true premises and (ii) a false conclusion. Dogs are smarter than cats. So, Dogs are smart If dogs are dumb, then dogs can’t learn commands. Dogs are not dumb So, dogs can learn commands Dogs are smart Cats are smart Dogs are not smart So, mice are smart C. Fixing Arguments: The following arguments are all formally invalid. Fix them (by adding/subtracting/modifying premises) so that they are valid. Make sure to only use patterns that are given in the textbook (pp. 71, 73) All dogs are smart.Stevie is dumb So, Stevie is not a dog Dogs are mammals So, Dogs are animals If dogs are smart, then dogs can learn commands. If dogs make good pets, then dogs can learn commands. So, if dogs are smart, then dogs make good pets